With guys today we are going to see something called string buffer okay and we know that string is a immutable object okay so let me open the live stream ok so we know that a string .

A string is immutable right what i mean by that is if you create a string let us say ravi which is an object basically when you try to make changes on this string it will not happen but what will happen is a new object will be created .

By some methods and there there the modifications to the string will be done and this new object will be returned to you and this whole object will be taken away by the garbage collector right so basically what i mean to say is a string is immutable and we want a .

Mutable object to manipulations on the string okay now so a string is like buffered string is just like a string nothing it but it can be modified which means it is mutable that is the main difference okay and where can string buffer be used .

So whenever you want to do manipulations like if you have to do some manipulations on the string like appending some value insertion deletion then we should choose string buffer class okay so the objects of string buffer class can actually be modified .

Over time okay and this cannot be done by the objects which are present in this string pool right therefore string buffer is not present is not going to be present in the string pull how to create a string buffer so how are we going to string buffer is .

Simply by constructors only there are a number of constructors in order to create a string buffer okay now let's understand all the string buffers one by one so one is you can do like this string buffer equal to new string buffer and the second is .

So if you are writing like this so this is a default constructor string buffer is a default constructor and new is used to create an object and that reference will be stored here we know that right so if i write like this a object is created which is of type string buffer and there will be nothing .

In it and if you try to print it it is going to print empty string you are not going to see any output and there is there is a method called capacity which can be called on the object of type .

String buffer and if i call it capacity then it is going to return 16 so what it means is what it means is whenever a string buffer is created its initial size is always going to be 16. whenever a string buffer is created its initial size .

Is always going to be 16 and as you append to the string then the size will also keep on increasing so what i mean to say is whenever a string buffer is created it will have a space to hold 16 characters and if you write all the characters .

And if you try to go increase the size of it then the size of it will be increased right so by default the initial size of string buffer is 16 okay now if you create something like this string buffer equal to new string buffer .

Of 5 it means a new string buffer is going to be created whose size is going to be 5 so it prints 5. okay got it now let us say we have created a buffer by using the constructor like this so we are creating a string buffer object .

A string buffer object by using the constructor and the value that i am initializing it to is buff er and then if i try to find out the capacity of it the capacity will be 6 plus 16 16 is the initial .

Size 6 will be added why because the size of this is 6 which means a total size of 22 is possible in this array along with buffer you can add any 16 characters all right so always when we are using or when we are trying to create an object of a string buffer .

By passing it a string then the initial capacity is always 16 plus the supplied string argument 16 plus the length of the supplied string argument okay now let's look at some common methods of string buffer so we are going to have i'll take an example and explain you .

Okay i'll take an example and explain you you just tell me what is okay so don't see the output here don't see these outputs and you tell me the output what is printed okay now let's see this guys so whenever you write like this string buffer has been equal to .

New string buffer java a string buffer object is created with java and when i try to append one more string to java that string will be added and you can all you could also append one which means this append is a method .

Which is overloaded it can take a string as an you know argument or it can take integer as an argument or it can also take a boolean as an argument right so to java i am appending course so to java i am appending course .

And to course i am appending one and then i am appending false java course one false will be printed right now let's see one more example now i am creating a new object happy string buffer object with the string happy and i'm appending it java now what will happen .

Happen happy java and then i'm appending a space after happy java a space is there and then i'm appending coding then what will be the output it is going to output happy java coding it is going to output happy java coding okay now there is one more method .

Called as delete so how does it work is let us say there is a new string object string buffer object java coding okay now if you want to delete the characters from 2 to 5 so this is 0 this is 1 this is 2 this is 3 this is 4 this is 5 ok if you want to delete it from 2 to 5 .

You have to use the method delete on the string buffer object and there you are going to write 2 comma 6 right and when you write like this it means that from 2 i am going to delete it from 5 till 5 from 2 i'm deleting it till 5 so this is going to delete the characters from .

Position to 2 to 5. got it so from here i'm going to delete in here right so the output is going to be jetting j d i n g okay and you also have a method called as insert .

Okay where you are going to pass two parameters offset and string so it means that from the offset i am going to insert a new string into the string buffer class for example if i have string buffer sb equal to new string buffer okay so which means a empty string will .

Be so this is an object created which will be referenced by sb sb and initially i am writing sb.insert 0 comma java therefore java will be created ok and now i'm saying that i'm saying that at the value 2 at the value .

2 i want to insert true okay at the value 2 i want to insert true so what happens is this will be modified so 0 1 2 which means at this position true will be inserted so what will happen java see guys this method is very useful when we .

Discuss later about strings strings is the most commonly asked question in any interview google interview or microsoft or you know amazon facebook strings are generally used and so learn about it okay that is why we are focusing on this okay .

Now i'm going to write after 0 1 from 2 i'm going to introduce tr ue true and after that it is going to be the same so this one is going to be present but at 2 true is going to be inserted therefore we are going to have va okay now after that at three i am inserting .

The number one which means one two zero one two three right so j a t i am going to insert one and then r u e v a right so this is what is going to be present in the string right the original string string buffer without creating a new object .

Is able to actually manipulate the string buffer and we are getting it got it okay now see the next one so there is something called as replace replace is going to replace uh you know from start to end with a string so what i mean to say is uh if you see this strin
g a new string .

Buffer is created so b u f f e r a new object of type string buffer is created okay and 0 this is 0 this is 1 this is 2 this is 3 this is 4 this is 5 right and here i have written replace 2 comma 4 which means from .

2 go till 3 only so remember this whenever i write 2 comma 4 then it is going to start from the start index and going to go only till end index minus 1 right it is going to start from the start index which is 2 .

And it is going to go till end index minus 1 and we are going to only replace this okay replace both f's with the given string here the given string is only y you can write any string there okay so buffer will become buyer got it got it .

Got it and now there is one more method called as reverses or reverse okay now this method is not present in this string it this is present only in string buffer right so given a string you can actually reverse it .

For example i have a string buffer of of type of you know containing the string coding now if i call reverse on it this entire string will be reversed and that will be present in the same object of type string buffer okay it is reversed .

And it is present there now if i try to print it then the reverse of coding will be printed okay got it now what is capacity method so capacity method actually returns what is the current capacity of the string buffer object .

Initially it is 16 okay and whenever you have to expand beyond 16 then it will take the old capacity which is 16 and multiply by 2 and then add 2 which means let us say your initial capacity is 16 and you want to store something of length 17 .

Something of length 17. okay we have taken 16 a string of length 16 and i have to do our a string buffer initial size is 16 and i want to store something of length 17 then what happens is that 16 will be multiplied by 2 .

And it will be added one more number 2 then the new capacity of the buffer string buffer will become 34. now if you are at 34 and if your string size has to be expanded then the next size that will go with this 34 into 2 .

Plus 2 all right got it so this is 70 right 34 into 2 70. now again if you had to expand 70 it will be 70 into 2 plus 2 right now let's see an example initially i can i constructed a empty string buffer .

Empty string buffer and i tried to print out its capacity it found out to be 16. and now i am trying to append java to it it is less than 16 so no problem now again if i find out the capacity it is 16 only because java contains only 4 characters so it will be 16 only okay .

Now i i will increase the now i am appending it a very big string and now the size will become actually expanded therefore capacity will get expanded so now if you see the capacity it is going to be 16 into 2 plus 2 which is 34. okay now see this guys .

So this question is not related to string buffer so basically we will see that later okay now see this there is a string s1 which is containing java string buffer and then one more string buffer s2 containing coding and if i write s1 plus s2 they will .

There will be error right so what is error bad operand tag types for operator okay so plus cannot be used applied on objects of string class string buffer class right you can use append but not plus plus cannot be used on the objects of type string buffer got .

It okay now the next one is yeah this one is done right okay okay it can be used on a string instead of string buffer class if you use a string and if you write something like two strings are created .

And if you write s1 plus s2 then it will be appended so java coding is what you are going to see so you can use plus operator on the strings but you cannot use plus operator on the string buffer okay now let's look at string builder .

So just like string buffer we have one more class called as string builder so how is it different from string buffer is string builder is same as string buffer the only difference is methods on the string builder are not thread safe okay what is third step is so coming to string .

Buffer string buffer what happens is multiple threads can access so whenever you have written a program let us say you have written a program and there are multiple threads in the program which are running parallely and when they try to access string buffer class there will be something .

Called as a critical section okay entry section sorry entry section entry section and exit section and this part will be considered as a critical section okay so what it means is when there are multiple threads string buffer is protected by concurrent access right so if there .

Is a value 5 only or let us say some value ravi right only once one thread can access it at a time many threads cannot access it right therefore when you are writing a multi-threaded program if you want a consistent output always use .

Always use the class string builder sorry string buffer and when you are having a normal program that we are writing now and there are multiple threads are not possible if there is only one process then this is a headache okay so this entry section and exit section this code is a headache .

And we actually don't need any protection right we don't want it to be thread safe right in that cases string buffer is going to give you uh you know low performance string buffer will actually take more time because it is thread safe what is thread what is multi-threading .

We have a detailed discussion about it probably for 10-15 hours we are not going to discuss it here right so whenever you're writing a normal simple program string buffer is going to take more time because of basically this synchronization concepts we are sure that if you are sure that .

Your program is not going to be executed by multi-threading then always go with string builder both are same okay so string builder and string buffer both are same one is thread safe and the other one is not thread safe that is the meaning of it okay guys there is a small announcement .

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On academy telegram channel quora i'm writing lot of answers on quora and on facebook as well as uncode channel okay youtube channel now get let's get back to the topic when to use when to use stringbuilder and stringbuffer so it is recommended to use stringbuffer when your program runs faster if you .

Have single threaded program right so whenever you have a single threaded program and if you don't want to be thread safe go for string builder and if you are doing a multi-threaded application then go for string buffer because string buffer is .

Thread safe okay and we have string string buffer and string builder what is the difference so let's see the difference between string and string buffer so basically the difference is string is immutable and string buffer is mutable and .

String concatenation using string methods and plus is bit slow so if i use string concatenation on the string it is slow but string operations on the string buffer are faster and whenever there is an object on different strings unreferenced means no one is referring to them .

Using the concat method may consume unnecessary space in the memory so which means whenever you create a string and whenever you try to create some modification on it a new object is going to be created and the old object is going to be unreferenced okay so in that case we are unnecessarily uh .

Wasting a lot of memory for that so when you use the same so what i mean to say is let us say we have a string here and then we concatenate it with other another string that one more string will be present or created which is going to contain the final string .

And these two strings are going to exist in memory but no one is going to use them therefore you know space is wasted now if i do concatenation on a string buffer then in this string same object you are going to concatenate right and string class supports equal method .

Okay so when you are using a string class you can actually use equals method but string buffer does not support equals method it doesn't have equals now what is the difference between string buffer and string builder so string buffer class is actually thread safe .

Okay we discussed it and string builder is not thread safe so for multi threading you go for string buffer otherwise you go for string builder and methods are actually synchronized and here the methods are not synchronized and this is existing from java one string buffer .

But you know string builder is introduced later and performance is slow in string buffer and performance is fast in string builder okay now finally this is how it looks like okay so basically string is unimutable and string buffer and string builder are .

Mutable and coming to thread safe only string builder is thread safe right now let's see the performance test so in terms of time complexity what is the what is that we are going to get let's see the performance test now i am trying to write a program where i am going to append so i'm trying to .

Give i'm going to use a string buffer object which is hello and i'm trying to append java to this string 1000 times okay and i'm noting the time so before i start this program i am noting the time and after i finish this you know all this happening i am noting the time again here .

Okay so how to note the time i didn't tell you that we'll see that later so basically if you write system dot current time in milli milliseconds then the present time at this point will be given okay now i am doing 10 000 depends on string buffer 10 000 .

Depends on string buffer and then i am again going to see what is the time or how much time does it take to execute this 10 000 so from the current time i am going to subtract the s time right then whatever value you are going to see .

Whatever value you are going to see is nothing but time taken to do 10 000 appends if i am using a string buffer now i will do the same thing i will do the same thing by using a string in string you cannot append directly so i am going to create a new object by concatenating .

Java to hello and i am going to do it for 10 000 times okay then again i am doing the same thing so i am going to count the time basically what i am doing is i am appending 10 000 times i am doing appending operation both on string buffer and the string right .

And now you are going to see that for string buffer it is 3 milliseconds and for string class it is 100 milliseconds therefore you can see that string buffer is faster compared to string when you try to append why because in a string every time you are creating a new object .

And you are writing into it but in string buffer you are not creating a new object that is why it is faster got it that is how you analyze the performance right by using the times got it so you please do the speed test for string buffer versus string builder you please try it out okay .

And also one more programming example is reverse a string so how are you going to reverse a string using string and then string buffer so see this using a string what i'm going to do is so initially i want to reverse a string right so i have a character array .

Of size whatever the string is so this particular string what object whatever the size of it is i'm making an array right and then what i'm trying to do is in tie equal to string length minus 1 j equal to 0 j greater than or equal to 0 i minus .

Minus j plus plus so what happens here is we have a string str and the string let us say is containing r a b i then i have taken a character array character array okay and i'm assigning i to this i'm using i for this .

Okay and i'm using j j for this right so inside this string i am finding out what is the character type this one right and i am simply going to copy it to j array of j which means this is ar right .

Array of j i am going to copy it here so i from here will be copied here i from here will be copied to here right and after that i am incrementing i and decrementing j sorry decrementing i and incrementing j which means i will come here and j will come here and this one will be copied .

Right and again i will come here decrementing i and i'm going to increment j a will come here right again i'm decrementing i incrementing j r right so when am i going to stop it so whenever whenever i is greater than or equal to 0 .

As long as i as long as the value of i when so 4 3 2 1 0 right as long as i is greater than or equal to 0 i perform it whenever i becomes les
s than 0 i am going to stop it got it got it so if you have not understood it just see that so that is the entire process that i have to do in order to .

Reverse a string but coming to but coming to okay so this is this is about string okay just see that program go through it go through the program and see if you have any doubt it is a simple program if you have any doubt you please .

Tell me go through it strategy okay guys so now if i have to do it with a string buffer i can easily do it by writing reverse that's it in one line you have reversed it right so now i think you will be using string buffer .

And you will not use string right because you are all lazy i know that okay okay so basically if you are using string buffer you don't have to worry about the operations okay that is what i mean to say okay guys .

So thank you all so i will i will take some questions if you have any questions you can ask me so guys uh one thing that i want to tell you is today at 7 00 pm today at 7 00 pm live coding we have live coding okay and then at 8 pm .

We have zam this is very very interesting okay both are interesting and nine p.m i will talk about how to prepare for each row okay seven eight nine seven o'clock eight o'clock nine o'clock got it okay guys thank you .

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Platform will also be available on the unacademy platform okay so what i mean to say is so there are two kinds of subscriptions you can go for one is plus and the other one is iconic now plus is all about live classes crash courses weekly tests doubt solving and english and hindi batches .

This is what you are going to go get if you go for plus now if you go for iconic subscription along with all the live classes by me and many other faculty you are also going to get the recorded content of router okay so whatever recorded content was there .

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Just think about one thing earlier people used to join medici in order to attend those faculty classes and now they are all on an academy platform and along with them i am also teaching earlier people used to pay 31 000 rupees just to watch my classes right now you can pay just 27 .

000 rupees and you can get the access and and i mean you can get uh the classes from everyone okay it is 45 000 so if you pay 45000 you are going to get the recorded videos as well as live videos by all these people got it so if you are thinking about joining for .

Gate and if you are very serious about gate just join this program this is the india's best program for computer science you show me any other institute which has these many people these are all legends these many people teaching on one single platform for this price .

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If you take iconic subscription okay and you can access the videos only on android app not on ios only on the android app you'll be able to see all my reco
rded videos and they are very well structured and organized so if you see this so you can go to computer science and in the computer science you can see .

What are all the subjects available now if you click on the subject it is going to see show you all the videos one by one right and you can also give your learning preferences okay so learning preferences is either what is the target year and what what is this .

Are you going to learn for get esc or something like that okay so if you want to register for it you can use the code rrcs and you are going to get 10 discount if you use the code rrcs okay so if you are planning to buy uh any subscription go for iconic because recorded videos are available .

Now along with that you will also get the live videos as well so you can refer both of them okay hi so there is a good news now that my recorded content which you used to get on raudra platform will also be available on the unacademy platform okay so what i .

Mean to say is so there are two kinds of subscriptions you can go for one is plus and the other one is iconic now plus is all about live classes crash courses weekly tests doubt solving and english and hindi batches this is what you are going to go get if you go for plus now if you go for iconic .

Subscription along with all the live classes by me and many other faculty you are also going to get the recorded content of raudra okay so whatever recorded content was there earlier of raudra that will also be available for you .

In the iconic subscription so along with these recorded classes you will also get the live classes and all these benefits and in iconic you have many other benefits like you will be given a personal coach and a study planner and a dedicated dog clearing instructors and preparatory material study booster .

Sessions and personalized test analysis so all these benefits you are going to get in iconic so in iconic you get all the live classes along with my recorded classes and a mentor and dedicated doubt answering classes so iconic is like you get everything .

So i think no one in india is providing all these services okay so take iconic subscription in order to get my classes recorded classes as well as all these benefits and if you have already taken place then upgrade it to iconic you are going to get all my classes okay now that is not the only reason why .

You should be joining an academy now if you look at it the india's best faculty are on on an academy these people are all senior to me and they're all legends in their you know respective subject for example vanka trouser is a legend in toc compiler design .

And super edisor is a legend in algorithms he is also called god of algorithms and sanji jain sir you must be knowing about him he is also a youtuber like me and soro takur is a legend in aptitude and umami sarasar is the most senior faculty for mathematics .

Right and similarly we have vishwa deep goti also who is teaching ceo so these many people are actually conducting live classes and you also will get my recorded classes and whenever you feel like you know any any topic is not good in any of this see .

All these people will be teaching multiple subjects so if you don't like one particular topic from one faculty you can actually look at look at you know other faculty's classes also generally it doesn't happen because all these people are best at what do i do what they are doing so generally it doesn't happen that you don't like their .

Classes you will definitely like them in case if you want more choices also you can choose that is what i'm saying okay so we are going you can you have live classes which you can attend from home and you have unlimited access to all the courses so once there is a live class and if you if .

You didn't attend it then that live class will be converted into recorded video and the recorded video video will also be available for you unlimited depending on your subscription if you take one year subscription you can watch all the videos for one year and top educators are on the platform and study material will be .

Given to you in the pdf format and you have exhaustive course syllabus coverage and there will be doubt clearing sessions and the best series best test series in india is available here okay so the test series i personally prepare and i personally monitor and also after .

Every test i'm going to give you video solutions as well okay and they will be answer writing sessions so these are all the benefits okay so that is why you should be joining an academy now what is the fee for it so the fee is like this if you are using the code rrcs .

You will get 10 discount on the fee okay so the fee is like this for 27 000 only you are you are going to get one year access for plus and if you want to go for two years the fee is 39 600 now coming to iconic where my videos are available you have to pay 45 000 rupees in order .

To get the iconic subscription and the code is rrcs you might feel that the fee is uh you know high and you might feel that there are other cheaper uh you know uh courses available outside but just think about one thing earlier people used to join medici .

In order to attend those faculty classes and now they are all on an academy platform and along with them i am also teaching earlier people used to pay 31 000 rupees just to watch my classes right now you can pay just 27 000 rupees and you can get the access and and i mean .

You can get uh the classes from everyone okay it is 45 000 so if you pay 45 000 you are going to get the recorded videos as well as live videos by all these people got it so if you are thinking about joining for gate and if you are very serious about gate .

Just join this program this is the india's best program for uh computer science you show me any other institute which has these many people these are all legends these many people teaching on one single platform for this price i'll i'll definitely give you a gift okay if .

You show me some other institute you name any institute in india any big institute you you'll find that our faculty